TYPES OF DEHYDRATION ( Based on serum Na Level)- Hypotonic Dehydration : S. Na <130>
- Isotonic Dehydration : S.Na 130- 145mmol/L
- Hypertonic Dehydration : S. Na .150 mmol/L
Causes
Common causes
- Gastroenteritis
- Stomatitis: Pain may severely limit oral intake.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): Dehydration is caused by osmotic diuresis.
- Febrile illness: Fever causes increased insensible fluid losses and may affect appetite.
- Pharyngitis: This may decrease oral intake.
Life-threatening causes
- Gastroenteritis
- DKA
- Burns: Fluid losses may be extreme.
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: This may have associated hypoglycemia, hypotension,hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia.
- GI obstruction: This is often associated with poor intake and emesis.
- Heat stroke: Hyperpyrexia, dry skin, and mental status changes may occur.
- Cystic fibrosis: This results in excessive sodium and chloride losses in sweat, placing patients at risk for severe hyponatremic hypochloremic dehydration
- Diabetes insipidus: Excessive output of very dilute urine can result in large free water losses and severe hypernatremic dehydration.
- Thyrotoxicosis: Weight loss is observed, despite increased appetite. Diarrhea occurs.
Management
- Early Re hydration
- Maintain daily fluid replacement
- Replace ongoing fluid losses
- maintain Nutritional Needs
- Avoid anti diarrheal Agents
No comments:
Post a Comment